|
eaDonNTU, Donetsk >
Научные труды ДонНТУ >
Серия: Экономическая >
Випуск 2 >
Пожалуйста, используйте этот идентификатор, чтобы цитировать или ссылаться на этот ресурс:
http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/29520
|
| Название: | НЕКОТОРЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ ИНСТИТУТОВ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ГОРНОЗАВОДСКОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ УРАЛА XVIII В. |
| Другие названия: | Certain Evolution Issues of the Institutions for the Organization of Metallurgical Manufacture in Ural in the XVIII Century |
| Авторы: | Нелин, Д.В.
Nelin, D.V. |
| Ключевые слова: | институциональная экономика
институт
горнозаводская промышленность
Урал
государственная собственность
частная собственность
экономическая история
metallurgical manufacture
Ural
state property
private enterprise
institutional economic history |
| Дата публикации: | 2014 |
| Издатель: | ДонНТУ |
| Библиографическое описание: | Наукові праці Донецького національного технічного університету. Серія: Економічна. №2 / ДВНЗ "ДонНТУ" ; редкол.: В.В. Дементьєв (голов. ред.) та ін. - Донецьк : ДВНЗ "ДонНТУ", 2014. |
| Аннотация: | Рассматриваются основные аспекты
развития горнозаводской промышленности с
позиций неоинституциональной экономической теории. Согласно теории «принципал-агент» верховным принципалом, в интересах
которого должна была развиваться эта отрасль, являлось государство. При этом были
созданы институциональные условия, содействовавшие развитию частного предпринимательства, однако приватизация заводов отрицательно сказалась на их эффективности, поскольку она проводилась в интересах придворной знати. Преимущественное использование принудительного труда в горнозаводской промышленности было обусловлено объективными обстоятельствами. |
| Описание: | One of the challenges of economic history
is to determine the institutions that ensure economic growth. Economic success of western countries is traditionally associated with the creation of a market, the dominating institutions of redistributive economic system (in Russia as well) are considered to be ineffective in longstanding period.
It is important to consider the way those
common laws of institutional development influenced Russian metallurgical manufacture in the XVIII century, when this sector was on the increase. The problems of the development of metallurgical manufacture can be analyzed on the ground of the relations theory “principal - agent”.
Referring to the problems of Russian metallurgical manufacture in the XVIII century we can define the state as the principal pursuing its interests in the development of this sector.
The following agents could develop metallurgical manufacture in Ural in the XVIII century:
Members of the state administrative
body;
Noblemen (rarely, in case of the disposal of the state plants to them);
People of lower social background than
noblemen (merchants).
The first decade of the XVIII century was
the only period, when state plants outnumbered the private ones. there were measures taken under Peter I rule to minimize transaction expenses of
the access to the resources and break the barriers to the professional activity.
At a later stage the development of metallurgy was connected with the private initiative due to the favorable private enterprise institutional conditions (Berg- privileges 10.12.1719). The second half of the XVIII century under the rule of
Katherine II is characterized by the stagnation of metallurgy that is explained by the decrease in the number of the new plants and the metal smelting shutdown.
During 1754-1763 there were mass disposals of the state plants to private owners and only two plants belonged to the state. This process had negative effect on plant sector as privatization’s only aim was to provide high-ranking individuals with the resources.
Different measures were taken to find the
workers for the force labor in the plants.
To sum up we can say that one of the primary aims of Russian modernization in the XVIII
century was the increase of metal smelting. The state decided to achieve it by stimulating private enterprise rather than supporting state plants. The existing institutional environment was comfortable
for the construction and functioning of the private plants. Stagnation of metallurgical manufacture at the end of XVIII century called for cardinal reforms that resulted in the issue of Decree on provided workforce (15.03.1807). It replaced designated peasants by the regular workers in plants. |
| URI: | http://ea.donntu.org/handle/123456789/29520 |
| Располагается в коллекциях: | Випуск 2
|
Все ресурсы в архиве электронных ресурсов защищены авторским правом, все права сохранены.
|
