http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/24767 2013 г. 2026-04-22T22:47:05Z http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28031 Title: Інституційні аспекти міжнародного співробітництва у створенні і розвитку технологічних комплексів Authors: Йохна, М.А.; Йохна, Н.А.; Yokhna, M.A. Abstract: Обґрунтовано актуальність проблеми міжнародного співробітництва у створенні і розвитку технологічних комплексів на базі передових у створенні інноваційних виробничих продуктів машинобудівних підприємств. Виділено ключові ланки в створенні інтегрованих технологічних комплексів, у тому числі - з міжнародною участю, де потрібна інституційна підтримка рішень, що перешкоджають нееквівалентний обмін і посиленню нерівноправності вітчизняних учасників технологічних ланцюжків і сприяють інноваційному технологічному розвитку національної економіки. Description: Successful integration of Ukraine into the world economy requires continuous improvement of economic management tools, institutional environment, consistent with the objectives of sustainable development. Its major components are the institutes that provide effective, from the point of view of the society’s interests, structural changes in the economy. Given the importance for the domestic economy of the problem of transition to an innovative type of development, the urgency of the problem of international cooperation in creating and developing technological systems based on advanced manufacturing to create innovative product engineering companies. It is emphasized that this requires not only a deliberate strategy of the enterprises, but also state regulation - in order to provide a place for domestic enterprises in the value chain, meeting the national interest. The purpose of the study is to select the key elements in the creating integrated technology systems, including - with international participation, which require institutional support solutions that prevent increased inequality of domestic participants in the process chains, and - promoting innovative technological development of the national economy. Building on the basic premise of the institutional economics about the leading role of institutes in creating the conditions for achieving solutions and revenue in collaboration of significant number of people, it was suggested that, based on analysis of the impact of economic power on the spread of unequal exchange can determine ways of improving management tools integration in the economy. The ground are given that the regulatory functions of the state should cover not only the final product released to the market after passing all stages in its production chain, as required by law. It is argued that it is necessary to have intervention in the public interest and the process of creating such a chain - in order to minimize the unequal sharing of resources among its members, especially in the presence in their structure of the so-called "strategic investors" to foreign capital. Given the acceleration of globalization and the deepening of the international division of labor, it is emphasized that the chain of international technology corporations can combine individual states by strong ties of economic interest. In the presence of the required minimum technology corporations with modern high technologies can create a powerful industrial backbone of the national economy, which will ensure its competitiveness and sustainable innovative development. In this case, there will be provided the basis for developing small and medium-sized businesses -as members of numerous technological chains. However, state regulation of the integrated international technology corporations should seek to avoid deepening unequal exchange and undermining the resource base of the domestic producers. The government shaping priorities and technological development of domestic enterprises to transition to higher technological structures must support these priorities, appropriate institutional preferences to enhance bargaining power of domestic participants of international production chains. Justification of directions for forming such priorities and capabilities of their legislative reinforcement will be the subject further research. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28012 Title: Використання досвіду підготовки до Євро-2012 в контексті розвитку інституціональ-ного забезпечення дорожньо-транспортної інфраструктури економіки України Authors: Лупак, Р.Л.; Lupak, R.L. Abstract: Висвітлено результати підготовки об’єктів дорожньо-транспортної інфраструктури до проведення Євро-2012 в розрізі виконаних будівельних та ремонтно-відновлювальних робіт, а також доведено, що стратегічною метою розвитку об’єктів транспортної системи України було не лише підготовка до Євро-2012, але й створення умов для соціально-економічного зростання та підвищення конкурентоспроможності національної економіки. Висвітлено основні системні проблеми ефективного використання об’єктів дорожньо-транспортної інфраструктури, підготовленої до Євро-2012, а передумовами їх виникнення запропоновано вважати недосконале інституційне забезпечення розвитку дорожньо-транспортної інфраструктури, що зумовлене наявністю численних суперечностей у чинному законодавстві, заплутаністю та бюрократизацією нормативно-правового регулювання. Узагальнено низку рекомендацій органам державного управління для підвищення ефективності використання об’єктів дорожньо-транспортної інфраструктури та визначено першочергові кроки до їх інституціонального забезпечення. Description: The paper summarizes the results of preparing facilities of road transport infrastructure for Euro 2012 in the context of construction and repair works, which allowed for a significant improvement in road infrastructure, modernization and upgrade of the technical and technological base for all modes of transport, their transport and operational status at the regional and national levels. It is proved that the strategic goal of transport system development in Ukraine was not only to prepare for Euro 2012, but to create the conditions for social and economic growth and competitiveness of the national economy and meet the needs of passenger and cargo transportation, improving the competitive environment on the transport services market. However, the paper highlights the systemic problems of the effective use of the road transport infrastructure objects, prepared for Euro 2012, in particular: the need to complete the repair work at the airports and the construction of parking lots around the airports, the lack of customer service and use of the available transit capacity and profitable geographic location, slow improvement and development of transport and logistics technologies, limited funding from the state and local budgets for the development of innovative and high-tech components of road transport infrastructure, insufficient development of border infrastructure, heterogeneous competitive environment, from a fully privatized to absolute state ownership of road and transport infrastructure. The background of certain issues is created by imperfect institutional provision of road infrastructure, which is predetermined by the presence of numerous contradictions in the current legislation, confusion and bureaucracy of regulating the relationship between the center and the regions, state authorities and local self-government and business. It is proposed to: exercise preparation and take the necessary regulations to stimulate investment in innovative activity and high-tech sectors of the transport industry on the conditions of public-private partnership to ensure the subsequent integration of the national road transport network in the international transport system, accelerate the improvement of the urban routes, intercity public passenger transport; develop mobile transport management system of trains; increase logistic flows, restructure and modernize transport and storage and information infrastructure of checkpoints across the state border, and the like. Accordingly, in order to achieve certain tasks it is necessary to hold a series of institutional changes, such as: to organize the merger of Ukr-zaliznitsa, railways, and railway transport enterprises, and for the Ministry of Transport and Communications to initiate the creation of the Department of State Railway Transport of Ukraine with the functions of government business entity; to initiate by the Cabinet Ministers the development of a joint-stock companies with the participation of the state on the basis of the strategic importance of airports; to provide the Ministry of Transport and Communications with development of programs of individual modes of transport and road infrastructure in the medium term, provide profiling ministries with the real opportunities to execute the Transport Strategy of Ukraine till 2020, namely the main tasks and activities of budget programs. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28010 Title: Взаємозв’язок регіонального людського розвитку та людського капіталу: інституціональний підхід Authors: Жаворонков, В.О.; Zhavoronkov, V.O. Abstract: Досліджені інституціональні засади формування та взаємозв’язку регіонального людського розвитку та людського капіталу, проведено порівняльний аналіз індексу людського розвитку регіонів України, розкрито суть інституціоналізації регіонального розвитку. Проаналізовано взаємозв’язок значень індексу людського розвитку та кількісних показників економічного зростання регіонів України за 2011 рік. Наведено групування регіонів відповідно до динамічних змін індексу людського розвитку за 2006-2011 рр., встановлено причини низьких значень індексу людського розвитку. Запропонована система ієрархії соціальної політики регіону щодо забезпечення соціально-економічної стабільності та безпека життєдіяльності населення.. Description: Solving the problems related to the conditions for the full implementation of the regions’ potential on domestic and foreign markets, bringing the standard of living and social standards to the European level, overcoming the social and economic imbalances, the system support to optimal proportions of regional socio-economic systems reproduction are not possible without an analysis of institutional foundations necessary for transforming social relations, both at the state and regional level. The paper analyzes the institutional basis for the formation and the relationship of the regional human development and human capital as a process of social and economic action by the institutes of the region, carries out a comparative analysis of the human development of the regions of Ukraine, and reveals the essence of the institution-alization of regional development. There are determined the main tasks on the establishment and further improvement of the post-industrial economic development from the point of view of the individual citizen. There is clarified the nature of concepts: socio-economic development, equitable socio-economic development, economic development and economic growth. There is analyzed the relationship among them and the factors that argue the need for research on the socio-economic development of the region. Due to the fact that today the borrowed elements of the institutional structure of the developed countries’ economy often do not work in our environment and can not become the basis for in stitutional change, the necessity of pursuing sound system of economic development institutionaliza-tion in Ukraine is given grounds. The author proposes interpretation of socio-economic institutions that create the conditions for the formation and development of human capital in the region, as elements of the overall system of regional governance. There is developed a scheme of social and economic institutes’ inter-action in the formation of human capital development in the region. There are formulated a number of specific characteristics and circumstances of the global financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 influence on regional human development in Ukraine. There is analyzed the relationship between the values of the Human Development Index, the average nominal wage and the gross domestic product of regions of Ukraine for 2011, which shows that economic growth does not always correspond to the Human Development Index rating in the region. There are defined the principles of social development that are necessary to ensure the development of its human capital potential, namely: freedom of creativity, integrity intellectual property, not opposing intellectualization of the society to overall movement of progressive changes, their timing and complementarity, interaction and intel-lectualization of information, active involvement in the international division labor. There is given the grouping of the regions in accordance with the dynamic changes in the human development index for the years 2006-2011. There are defined regions - leaders and regions - outsiders. There are determined the cause of the low values of the index of human development, namely, short life expectancy, low enrollment in upper secondary education and a high level of environmental contamination. Accordingly there are analyzed indices of human development of the regions of Ukraine for 2011. The system of hierarchy of social policy in the region is proposed, which includes: the purpose of management, the main forms of social management, scope management by region and activity. Achieving economic development is not possible without taking into account the institutional approach, taking into account the mutual influence of regional socio-economic institutions on human capital formation and functioning of the regional socio-economic system without the interaction of the rules of individual and social behavior. The institutionalization of economic development provides, first of all, the change of mentality in relation to a person in addition it is not possible without the creation of modern institutions, which cover all aspects of life of the population. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28007 Title: Формування інcтитуцioнaльного мeхaнiзму зaбeзпeчeння coцiaльнoї бeзпeки в Україні Authors: Іляш, О.І.; Сітка, М.Р.; Иляш, А.И.; Ситка, М.Р.; Ilyash, O.I.; Sitka, M.R. Abstract: Обґрунтовано проблеми iнcтитуцioнaльного рeгулювaння cиcтeми coцiaльнoї бeзпeки Укрaїни, висвітлено пeрeдумoви фoрмувaння дeржaвнoї рeгioнaльнoї пoлiтики в сфeрі покращення динaмiки якocтi трудoвoгo життя населення, а також визначено ризики iнcтитуцioнaльнoгo зaбeзпeчeння eфeктивнoгo функцioнувaння ринку прaцi Укрaїни. Доведено, що icнує oб’єктивнa нeoбхiднicть рoзрoблeння тa рeaлiзaцiї пeрcпeктивних нaпрямiв пiдвищeння якocтi cиcтeми coцiaльних пocлуг в cучacних умoвaх. Врaхoвуючи вcю cклaднicть інституцioнaльнoгo зaбeзпeчeння cиcтeми coцiaльнoї бeзпeки, запропоновано iнcтитуцioнaльний мeхaнiзм упрaвлiння cиcтeмoю гaрaнтувaння coцiaльнoї бeзпeки, який пeрeдбaчaє викoриcтaння рiзнoмaнiтних зacoбiв впливу дeржaвних iнcтитутiв нa функцioнувaння вciх її пiдcиcтeм. Description: There are grounded the problems of institutional regulation of the social security of Ukraine. The main drawback of the existing social security system is the state as the main institute of authority, which can not create the conditions for increasing the responsibility of citizens for their own material well-being and safety. There are studied preconditions of state regional policy in improving the dynamics of the working life quality of the population, the main of which are appropriate to consider a legislative solution to the problem of social housing, changes to labor legislation, the creation of a legislative framework for compulsory state social insurance, adapting national legislation on health and safety. In this context, there are identified risks of institutional effective functioning of the labor market of Ukraine, namely, the lack of prerequisites to guarantee the extended reconstruction of the quality and competitive supply in the labor market, the low level of the social partnership system in the labor market, the limited flexibility of labor market institutions at the local and national levels. In this case, creating an effective institutional system of social security should include a system of legal, administrative, organizational and financial measures and information provision for the improvement of the migration space, institutional employment relations, incomes and payment policy, an institutional mechanism of regulation of the labor market, which in turn, is a factor in reducing the risk of the labor market functioning, particularly in the processes of European integration and cross-border cooperation. As a result of the corresponding relations, it seems the priority to implement activities such as the creation of social institutions in disadvantaged areas, the automatic system of social benefits with the use of electronic cards, effective methods of attracting workers to various forms of economic activity, increased involvement of the executive authority of the regions in awareness raising, improvements in information system on labor costs through creating the local government information office, the implementation of public awareness programs on the conditions of institutions and business. It is proved that there is an objective need to develop and implement promising to improve the quality of social services in the modern world. Accordingly, proposed a number of measures for the reorganization of the existing social network of social services, such as: Development of the Concept of reforming the system of social services for the period up to 2015, improvement of meth odological support for the definition and evaluation of the quality of social services and complying with the social service system to its targeting strategy; Gain flexibility in the use of budget implementation mechanisms of social support and social policy of providing state guarantees. Given the complexity of the institutional support of the social security system, there is proposed institutional control mechanism to guarantee social security system, which involves the use of a variety of effects on the functioning of the state institutions of all its subsystems. Institutional mechanism for ensuring social security should be seen as a special kind of public and nongovernmental entities to streamline the social security system to ensure its optimum performance and sustainable development. The content of this activity includes setting goals, tasks and functions of the subjects to guarantee social security and the development and improvement of their organizational, functional, information structure, provision of material, information and other resources, preparation and implementation of management decisions and the coordination and cooperation between state and non-governmental subjects guaranteeing social security on three levels. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z