2013 г. http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/24723 2026-04-20T00:25:44Z 2026-04-20T00:25:44Z ПИЧКОВСКАЯ-ШЕВЧЕНКО, О.В. Пічковская-Шевченко, О.В. PICHKOVSKAYA-SHEVCHENKO, O.V. http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28043 2014-11-10T10:51:07Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Институциональные особенности развития внешнеэкономической деятельности бело­русских предприятий в посткризисных условиях хозяйствования Authors: ПИЧКОВСКАЯ-ШЕВЧЕНКО, О.В.; Пічковская-Шевченко, О.В.; PICHKOVSKAYA-SHEVCHENKO, O.V. Abstract: Современное состояние внешнеэкономической деятельности предприятий Республики Бела­русь требует разработки более взвешенной и целенаправленной внешнеторговой политики. Белорусские компании в рамках разработки стратегии интернационализации вынуждены формировать собственные информационные базы, что значительно увеличивает издержки стратегического управления. Решение данной задачи имеет первостепенное значение, поскольку наличие в компании эффективной системы корпоративного управления в большинстве случаев становится основой для улучшения финансовых показателей, повышения ка­чества управленческих решений, получения целого ряда других преимуществ, а также выступает одним из ключевых факторов интернационализации в посткризисных условиях хозяйствования Description: In the course of the study it was revealed that the principles of establishing a high-tech business, used by local enterprises and organiza­tions that are not optimal and are substantially dif­ferent from the business-technology used by the highly developed countries. Analysis of existing interconnections of Belarusian enterprises' external and internal envi­ronment led to the conclusion about the need to use a hierarchical approach to forming the interna­tionalization strategy that takes into account the macro- and meso- environment of the companies as well as international hierarchy. Defining hierar­chical levels and considering the nature of the re­lationship among these levels, including the nature of the enterprise inclusion into corporate structures, can significantly reduce the time and cost of development and adoption of an internationaliza­tion strategy, increasing its efficiency and ensure the competitiveness of the company and its products. One of the study results was the conclusion that the Belarusian companies in developing their internationalization strategy have to form their own information bases, which significantly in­creases the costs of strategic management. Upon receipt of the information, companies face a set of problems unique for the Republic of Belarus, due to a limited access, a lot of distortions and prob­lems with the interpretation of the information. The solution to this problem is of paramount importance because the presence of an effective sys­tem of corporate governance in most cases be­comes the basis for improved financial perfor­mance, quality management solutions, obtaining a number of other benefits, as well as one of the key factors in the internationalization of the post-crisis economy. It was revealed that the strategic objectives of the knowledgebased business establishment should be resolved at the level of international standards by leading hightech companies, so while solving the problem of attracting investment it is necessary to focus more on the impacts of exclusive rights to knowledge-intensive business, and the opportunities to manage this business. Thus, one of the most important types of domestic producers' strategies should be to increase intan­gible assets for their subsequent transformation into an instrument of exclusive rights.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Липов, В.В. Ліпов, В.В. LIPOV, V.V. http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/27980 2014-11-04T09:14:20Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Комплементарность и гетерогенность ин­ституциональных систем: культурные и отнологические предпосылки воспроизвод­ства и изменения институтов Authors: Липов, В.В.; Ліпов, В.В.; LIPOV, V.V. Abstract: Рассмотрены содержание, механизмы и инструменты институциональной гетерогенизации экономических систем. Показана эволю­ция взглядов на многообразие моделей капита­лизма. Обоснована необходимость учета реципрокности в качестве элемента гибридизации, дополняющего на уровне институциональных матриц обмен и редистрибуцию. Охарактери­зованы особенности дара и траты и показано их влияние на экономическую активность домохозяйств и формирование институциональ­ного напряжения. Раскрыты предпосылки формирования гетерогенизации на наноуровне лестницы оснований институциональной архи­тектоники социально-экономических систем. Охарактеризовано влияние на гетерогенизацию компенсационных институций, бриколажа (институциональная инсталляция), наслаивания, реинтерпретации, трансплантации ин­ституций.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Юргель, Н.В. Юргель, Н.В. YURHEL, N.V. http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/27948 2015-09-11T08:22:57Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Этапы институционализации фирмы в со­временной экономике Authors: Юргель, Н.В.; Юргель, Н.В.; YURHEL, N.V. Abstract: Інституціоналізація фірми полягає як у формуванні внутрішніх інститутів, так і у впливі фі­рми на формування зовнішніх інститутів. Метою інституціоналізації фірми є додання стійкості характеру діяльності фірми шляхом зниження невизначеності та ризиків, що визначає роль інститутів в діяльності фірми. Description: The modern economy is characterized by a high degree of uncertainty, and as a consequence by the presence of economic risks, which in turn leads to higher transaction costs. The institutes are the means of reducing transaction costs. Institutionalization of the company will be understood as the process of formation and con­solidation of institutes, as well as their adjustment, which requires concerted effort and cost of re­sources. Depending on the role and place of the institutes in the firm there are distinguished inter­nal and external institutes. Domestic institutes are formed within the firm; determine its content and distinctive features. External institutes have an objective nature; they exist regardless of the firm activity, but have a significant influence on it. The institutionalization of the company lies in the for­mation of domestic institutes, as well as in the im­pact of the company on the formation of external institutes. The purpose of the company's institutionalization is to ensure the sustainability of the firm by reducing the uncertainties and risks, which defines the role of institutes in the activities of the firm. The institutionalization of the company con­sists of two stages. The first stage ("Adaptation"). Adaptation involves a high degree of firms' involvement in the market forms of management: independent access to the market, competitive products, the elimination of unprofitable operations, reducing excess staff, etc. In the process of business adapta­tion to modern conditions enterprises are using all possible methods and combinations thereof. At this stage, the development of "new rules of the game" takes place: new methods of production and financial activities. Adaptation is manifested in the behavior of several possible strategies: pro­duction, marketing, financial, relating to the staff, etc. In these conditions, the leaders who recog­nized the need to reduce the in-company risks create the appropriate in-house institutes of personnel service, organizational culture, marketing depart­ment, quality management, service risk manage­ment, financial services, and legal services. Having overcome the stage of "adaptation" in which the in-house institutionalization takes place, the company proceeds to "maturity." In or­der to maintain sustainability the company tries to transfer some of the risks to relevant external institutes: financial markets (commercial banks and credit organizations, insurance companies, stock exchanges), product markets (commodity ex­changes, trading companies), and market infra­structure (accounting firms, consulting firms, and advertising agencies). "Maturity" is in the fact that the company does not only respond to changes in the external environment, but also is actively involved in its formation. In an effort to minimize its losses by managing economic risk, it can give up some of their profits by investing it in the transaction sec­tor of the economy. Completion of the company institutionaliza-tion is due to its active participation in the for­mation of the institutional environment. In con­nection with this the concept of efficiency changes and diversifies: in addition to the technological and economic efficiency of the company there ap­pears the necessity to consider its institutional ef­fectiveness as the extent to which the institutional role of the enterprise in the community is realized. As in its operation the firm affects the behavior of other market participants, improving the overall situation, supports the development of positive social and economic institutes. Institutional effec­tiveness of the company depends on its active par­ticipation in the formation of the institutional en­vironment. Qualitative assessment of institutional effectiveness is the reduction of uncertainty and risk. Quantitatively, institutional effectiveness can be calculated on the basis of the existing methods of integrated risk assessment as part of risk man­agement services.The process of institutionalization increases the efficiency of the firm and its competitiveness, which ultimately leads to sustainable growth and economic development.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Кислицын, Д.В. Кісліцин, Д.В. KISLITSYN, D.V. http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/27936 2015-07-10T14:18:10Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Интернализованный политический ресурс в современной экономике России: количе­ственная оценка для регионального круп­ного бизнеса Authors: Кислицын, Д.В.; Кісліцин, Д.В.; KISLITSYN, D.V. Abstract: Целью статьи является разработка методики оценки политического ресурса, накопленного российским крупным региональным бизнесом. В основе методики лежит анализ советов директоров, которые рассматриваются как «статусный орган», который включает в свой состав доминирующих собственников компании и аффилированных с ними лиц, при этом интенсивность политических связей компании с властью предлагается оценивать через политический статус членов совета директоров данной компании. Description: The purpose of this paper is to develop methodology for assessing the political resources of Russian large regional business. The methodol­ogy is an analysis of the boards of directors that are considered "status body", which includes in its membership the majority owners of the company and entities affiliated with them, and the intensity of the political relations of the company with the authority is proposed to be evaluated by the politi­cal status of the members of the company's boardof directors. Communication between the government and business, as well as the benefits that the indi­vidual firms gain from their special relationship with the government, have always attracted the attention of researchers. It is proposed to use the term "political resource" by which we understand, in the most general and abstract form, the ability to make transfers of other resources through poli­cy (based on the relationship of subordination) mechanisms. Within political science this phe­nomenon was described by R. Dahl in his "Mod­ern political analysis", where he called it a "cumu­lative inequality" - an asymmetric situation in which control over one of resources leads to the control over other types of resources. Analysis of the literature suggests that the political life is important - it provides firms with privileged access to other resources, particularly to capital, both to bank financing and to equity (mar­ket values of politically influential firms more ex­pensive). This influence can be measured quantita­tively. The mechanism through which firms bene­fit from the use of diverse political resources: tax privileges, investment credits, official delays in the payment of taxes, the transfer of state proper­ty. The principal difficulty that arises before the researchers' politically influential firms "is to determine what kinds of firms have political re­source, or otherwise formulating the question, which is an indicator of political influence. Selec­tion criteria of «political influence» are a non- trivial research problem, which is solved in differ­ent ways by different researchers. Thus it is im­portant that the political resources of what kind of business we evaluate. In this article, we aim to create a model for evaluating the Russian regional political resources of large business. In contrast to the small and medium business, large business, we can offer a number of formal criteria of its hold­ings of internalized political resource. Selected private figures represent one side of an objective role in the regional economy, and on the other - the political status of its owners and managers. At the heart of the study is the analysis of the boards of directors of these companies, but we believe a number of assumptions that allow the develop­ment of a methodology that is optimal for evaluat­ing Russian political life is major regional busi­ness represented typically by non-public compa­nies.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z